Islamic Studies
Table of content:
HukumSolatAblution / WudhuRakaatMemorizationSurahAl-FatihahTashahudTahiyat Akhir (WIP)Darood (Salawat)Ayatul Kursi (Malay)Doa Qunut (Malay)3 Short SurahsSurah Al-IkhlaasSurah Al-FalaqSurah Al-Naas
Hukum
Hukum Taklifi ada 5 :
- Wajib
- Sunat
- Haram
- Makruh
- Mubah (Harus)
Hukum Wajib adalah hukum yang dituntut untuk berbuat dan mesti, tidak dapat tidak untuk tidak dilakukan. Dilakukan mendapat pahala ditinggalkan berdosa.
Hukum Sunat pula adalah hukum yang dituntut untuk dilakukan namun bukan mesti, dan makruh untuk ditinggalkan. Dilakukan mendapat pahala, ditinggalkan hukumnya makruh.
Hukum Haram adalah hukum yang dituntut untuk ditinggalkannya dan mesti, berdosa jika melakukan perkara yang haram. Berniat untuk meninggalkan perkara tersebut mendapat pahala.
Hukum Makruh adalah hukum yang dituntut untuk tidak dilakukan namun tidak mesti. Meninggalkan yang makruh mendapat pahala.
Mubah pula adalah hukum yang boleh dilakukan dan boleh tidak dilakukan. Jika dilakukan tidak berdosa, tidak melakukan juga tidak berdosa.
Solat
Ablution / Wudhu
(1) You must have the intention of purifying yourself from a state of ritual impurity[3]. This means that you should bring into your mind that you are performing this wudoo in order to enter a state of ritual purity. This intention is in the heart and is not to be uttered.
(2) Begin with the name of Allah, by saying ‘Bismillaah’.
(3) Then, wash your hands three times each. You should always start with the right whenever washing the body parts..
(4) Rinse your mouth three times, swirling the water around inside your mouth (gargling), and then rinse your nose three times by inhaling some water into your nostrils and blowing the water out. Use your left hand to remove the water from your nose.
(5) Wash your face three times, from the hairline to the jawbone and chin, and from ear to ear. A man should wet the hair of his beard because it is part of the face. If his beard is thin he has to wash it inside and out, and if it is thick and covers the skin, it is sufficient to wash the surface and run his wet fingers through it.
(6) Then you should wash your hands and arms up to the elbows three times, starting from the fingertips, including the nails, up to and including the elbows. It is essential to remove anything stuck to the hands before washing them, such as dough, mud, or paint, nail polish, and anything else that could prevent the water from reaching the skin.
(7) Then, with fresh water, wipe your head and ears one time, not the water left over from washing your arms. The way to wipe the head is by placing your wet hands at the front of your head and passing them over your hair/head until you reach the back of your head (the nape of your neck), then bringing them back to the place where you started. You may see some people wiping the backs of their necks as well. This is something which has found its way into the practice of Muslims from countries and should not be done, as the Prophet did not teach us to do so. Then put your index fingers in your ears and wipe the back of the ears with your thumbs. With regard to long hair, whether loose or braided, one is not to wipe its entire length, but rather pass their hands from the front of the head to its back, as described above.
(8) Then you should wash your feet three times, from the tips of the toes up to and including the ankles.
Quick note
- Bismillah
- Hands x3
- Mouth x3
- Face x3
- Hand — arms x3
- Head — ears x3
- Feet x3
Rakaat
Memorization
Surah
Al-Fatihah
Begin with saying:
Bismilla-hir-rahma-nir-raheem
‘I begin with the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy.’
Alhamdu lil-lahi rab-bil 'alameen
‘Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds.
Ar-rahma-nir-raheem
The Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy.
Maliki yawmid-deen
Master of the Day of Judgment.
Iyyaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'een
You alone we worship; You alone we ask for help.
Ihdinas-siratal mostaqeem
Show us the straight path.
Siratal-lazeena an'amta 'alayhim
The path of those whom You have favored;
ghayril maghdubi 'alayhim
Not the (path) of those who earn Your anger
wa-lad-daa-leen
nor of those who go astray.’
Aameen
O Allah, please accept.
Tashahud
At-tahiy-yatu lil-lahi was-salawatu wat-tayibatu
All compliments, prayers and good words are due to Allah
As-salamu 'alika ay-yuhan-nabiy-yu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh
O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His blessings.
As-salamu 'alayna wa 'ala 'ibadil-la-his-saliheen
Peace be on us and on the righteous slaves of Allah
Ash-hadu al-la ilaha il-lal-laah
I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah
wa ash-hadu an-na Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluh
and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger
Tahiyat Akhir (WIP)
At-tahiy-yatu lil-lahi was-salawatu wat-tayibatu
All compliments, prayers and good words are due to Allah
As-salamu 'alika ay-yuhan-nabiy-yu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh
O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His blessings.
As-salamu 'alayna wa 'ala 'ibadil-la-his-saliheen
Peace be on us and on the righteous slaves of Allah
Ash-hadu al-la ilaha il-lal-laah
I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah
wa ash-hadu an-na Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluh
and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger
Allah humma sal-li 'ala Muhammad
‘O Allah! send prayers on Muhammad
wa 'ala aali Muhammad
and on the family of Muhammad
Kama sal-layta 'ala Ibraheem
as you sent prayers on Abraham
wa 'ala aali Ibraheem
and on the family of Abraham
innaka hameedum-majeed
You are indeed Worthy of Praise, Full of Glory
Allah humma barik 'ala Muhammad
O Allah! send blessings on Muhammad
wa 'ala aali Muhammad
and on the family of Muhammad
Kama barakta 'ala Ibraheem
as you sent blessings on Abraham
wa 'ala aali Ibraheem
and on the family of Abraham;
innaka hameedum-majeed
You are indeed Worthy of Praise, Full of Glory.’
Darood (Salawat)
Allah humma sal-li 'ala Muhammad
‘O Allah! send prayers on Muhammad
wa 'ala aali Muhammad
and on the family of Muhammad
Kama sal-layta 'ala Ibraheem
as you sent prayers on Abraham
wa 'ala aali Ibraheem
and on the family of Abraham
innaka hameedum-majeed
You are indeed Worthy of Praise, Full of Glory
Allah humma barik 'ala Muhammad
O Allah! send blessings on Muhammad
wa 'ala aali Muhammad
and on the family of Muhammad
Kama barakta 'ala Ibraheem
as you sent blessings on Abraham
wa 'ala aali Ibraheem
and on the family of Abraham;
innaka hameedum-majeed
You are indeed Worthy of Praise, Full of Glory.’
Ayatul Kursi (Malay)
Bismilla-hir-rahma-nir-raheem
Allahu la ilaha illa Huwa, Al-Haiyul-Qaiyum
La ta’khuzhuhu sinatun wa la nawm,
lahu ma fis-samawati wa ma fil-‘ard
Man zhal-lazhi yashfa’u ‘indahu illa bi-izhnihi
Ya’lamu ma baina aidihim wa ma khalfahum,
wa la yuhituna bi shai’im-min ‘ilmihi illa bima sha’a
Wasi’a kursiyuhus-samawati wal ard,
wa la ya’uduhu hifdzhuhuma Wa Huwal ‘Aliyul-Azheem
Maksud:
Allah, tiada Tuhan (yang berhak disembah) melainkan Dia, Yang Tetap hidup, Yang Kekal selama-lamanya mentadbirkan (sekalian makhlukNya).
Yang tidak mengantuk usahkan tidur.
Yang memiliki segala yang ada di langit dan yang ada di bumi.
Tiada sesiapa yang dapat memberi syafaat (pertolongan) di sisiNya melainkan dengan izinNya.
Yang mengetahui apa yang ada di hadapan mereka dan apa yang ada di belakang mereka, sedang mereka tidak mengetahui sesuatu pun dari (kandungan) ilmu Allah melainkan apa yang Allah kehendaki (memberitahu kepadanya).
Luasnya Kursi Allah (ilmuNya dan kekuasaanNya) meliputi langit dan bumi; dan tiadalah menjadi keberatan kepada Allah menjaga serta memelihara keduanya.
Dan Dia lah Yang Maha Tinggi (darjat kemuliaanNya), lagi Maha Besar (kekuasaanNya)
Doa Qunut (Malay)
Allah humah dini fiman hadait.
Ya Allah berikanlah aku hidayah sebagaimana mereka yang telah Engkau beri hidayah.
Wa’a fini fiman ‘afait.
Berikan kesihatan kepadaku sebagaimana mereka yang telah Engkau berikan kesihatan.
Watawallani fiman tawalait.
Dan peliharalah aku sebagaimana orang-orang yang telah Engkau peliharakan.
Wabarikli fimaa a’tait.
Berilah keberkatan bagiku pada apa-apa yang telah Engkau kurniakan.
Waqinii (birohmatika) syarramaa qadhait.
Dan selamatkan aku (dengan rahmat Allah) dari bahaya yang telah Engkau tentukan.
Fainnaka taqdhi wala yuqdha ‘alaik.
Maka sesungguhnya, Engkaulah yang menghukum dan bukannya yang kena hukum.
Wainnahu layadziluman walait.
Dan sesungguhnya tidak hina orang yang Engkau pimpin.
Walaa ya’izzuman ‘adait.
Dan tidak mulia orang yang Engkau musuhi.
Tabaa rakta rabbana wata’alait.
Maha Suci Engkau wahai Tuhan kami dan Maha Tinggi
Falakalhamdu ‘ala maaqadzait.
Maka bagi Engkaulah segala pujian di atas apa yang Engkau hukumkan.
Astaghfiruka Wa'atubu Ilaik.
Dan kami memohon ampun dari-Mu dan kami bertaubat kepada-Mu.
Wasallallahu ‘ala Saidina Muhammadin nabiyyil ummiyi wa'ala aalihi washahbihi wasalam.
Dan semoga Allah mencurahkan rahmat dan sejahtera ke atas junjungan kami Nabi Muhammad dan keluarganya.
3 Short Surahs
Surah Al-Ikhlaas
This short surah is equivalent in virtue to one-third of the Quran, and is ideal to memorize for reciting in the salah. It is also recommended to say it after every prayer and before going to sleep at night.
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ
1. Qul huwallahu ahad
Say, “He is Allah, (who is) One.
Say, O Prophet, He is Allah, the only Lord, the only one Who deserves worship, and the only One who possesses Names and Attributes of beauty and perfection. No one shares with Him in these matters.
اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ
2. Allahus samad
Allah, the Eternal Refuge.
Allah alone is sought in times of need. Allah alone is the desire of the hearts. On Him all creation depends. This dependence is not reciprocal, however; He does not depend on His creatures.
لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ
3. Lam yalid walam yoolad
He neither begets nor is born,
He has no son or daughter, father or mother, or companion.
وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ
4. Walam yakun lahu kufuwan ahad
Nor is there to Him any equivalent.”
Nothing in creation resembles Allah in any of His names, attributes, or actions.
Surah Al-Falaq
Surah al-Falaq is the second last chapter of the Quran. Both this surah and Surah an-Naas are man’s best protection against evil. It is also good to frequently recite them in salah. It is also recommended to say them after each obligatory prayer and before going to sleep at night.
قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ
1. Qul 'audhu bi rabbil falaq
Say, “I seek refuge in the Lord of daybreak
Say – O Prophet – I take the protection of the Lord of dawn.
مِن شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ
2. Min shadri ma khalaq
From the evil of that which He created
From the evil of every created being and its harm.
وَمِن شَرِّ غَاسِقٍ إِذَا وَقَبَ
3. Wa min shadri ghaasiqin idha waqab
And from the evil of darkness when it settles
And from the evil of deep darkness when it settles and the creatures of the night.
وَمِن شَرِّ النَّفَّاثَاتِ فِي الْعُقَدِ
4. Wa min shadrin naffathati fil ruqad
And from the evil of the blowers in knots
From the evil of sorceresses who blow on knots to cast spells.
وَمِن شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ
5. Wa min shadri haasidin idha hasad
And from the evil of an envier when he envies.”
And from the evil of the envious when he envies people for Allah’s gifts, wishing they be taken away, and desiring to hurt people.
Surah Al-Naas
قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ
1. Qul audhu birabbin naas
Say, “I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind,
Say – O Prophet – I take the protection of the Lord of mankind from other people, who alone is capable of repelling their evil suggestions.
مَلِكِ النَّاسِ
2. Malikin naas
The Sovereign of mankind.
The King of mankind who is not in need of man, but man is in need of Him – He is in control of all human affairs.
إِلَهِ النَّاسِ
3. Ilaahin naas
The God of mankind,
The God of mankind, beside whom there is no deity, no god, and no object fit to be worshipped.
مِن شَرِّ الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ
4. Min shadril waswasil khannas
From the evil of the retreating whisperer
From the evil of the sneaky devil who whispers temptation in moments of heedlessness and goes in hiding when Allah is remembered.
الَّذِي يُوَسْوِسُ فِي صُدُورِ النَّاسِ
5. Alladhee yuwaswisu fee sudoorin naas
Who whispers [evil] into the breasts of mankind
Those who spread evil and sow doubts in the hearts of men.
مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَ النَّاسِ
6. Minal jinnati wan naas
From among the jinn and mankind.”
From the devils among humans and the evil spirits among jinn.